GrammarMaster
Selamat Datang di GrammarMaster
Platform interaktif untuk menguasai Grammar Bahasa Inggris dengan mudah, cepat, dan menyenangkan. Pelajari materi dasar hingga tenses kompleks!
Pre-requisite
Kuasai pondasi dasar auxiliary verb, to be, dan subject-verb agreement.
Verbal vs Nominal
Pahami fondasi utama dalam membuat kalimat bahasa Inggris.
Part of Speech
Kuasai fungsi tiap kata dalam kalimat, terutama Adjective.
16 Tenses
Pelajari 16 bentuk waktu lengkap dengan rumus dan contoh.
Modal Auxiliary
Pelajari kata bantu untuk menyatakan kemampuan, keharusan, izin, dan saran.
Passive Voice
Pahami cara membuat kalimat pasif di mana subjek dikenai tindakan.
Materi Pre-requisite
Sebelum belajar Verbal & Nominal dan 16 Tenses, kuasai dulu pondasi berikut.
0. Tabel Ringkasan Auxiliary Verb
Auxiliary verb (kata kerja bantu) berubah bentuk mengikuti subject. Ini tabel paling penting untuk dihafal di awal — akan terus dipakai di semua materi tenses.
| Subject | is/are/am | do/does | has/have | was/were | did | had |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | do | have | was | did | had |
| He / She / It | is | does | has | was | did | had |
| You / We / They | are | do | have | were | did | had |
- Baris I selalu punya bentuk sendiri: am, do, have, was, did, had
- Baris He/She/It (tunggal) selalu pakai: is, does, has, was, did, had
- Baris You/We/They (jamak) selalu pakai: are, do, have, were, did, had
Kegunaan masing-masing kelompok:
- is/are/am, was/were → kalimat nominal, Continuous Tense, Passive Voice
- do/does, did → negatif & tanya di Simple Present/Past (kalimat verbal)
- has/have, had → membentuk Perfect Tense
1. Penggunaan To Be (is / am / are / was / were)
To Be wajib ada di kalimat nominal (predikatnya bukan kata kerja), dan juga muncul di beberapa tenses tertentu (Continuous dan Passive).
| Subject | Present | Past |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | was |
| You / We / They | are | were |
| He / She / It | is | was |
a. Sebagai predikat utama (kalimat nominal)
Digunakan ketika predikat berupa Noun, Adjective, atau Adverb — bukan kata kerja.
- I am a student. (noun)
- She is beautiful. (adjective)
- They were at school. (adverb of place)
b. Sebagai kata kerja bantu (auxiliary)
Digunakan bersama Verb-ing (Continuous) atau Verb-3 (Passive).
- She is reading a book now.
- The letter was written by him.
❌ She is go to school. — To Be tidak boleh langsung diikuti V1
✅ She is going to school. (To Be + V-ing)
✅ She goes to school. (tanpa To Be, pakai V1+s/es)
Aturan Penting: Dalam kalimat verbal simple, jangan gabungkan To Be dengan V1/V2 tanpa akhiran -ing atau -ed.
2. Aturan Penggunaan V1 / V1+s/es
V1 (bentuk dasar) digunakan dalam Simple Present Tense. Bentuknya berubah tergantung subject.
| Subject | Bentuk Verb | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| I, You, We, They | V1 (tanpa tambahan) | I play, They eat |
| He, She, It | V1 + s/es | She plays, It eats |
- 1. Jika Verb berakhiran ss, sh, ch ,x , o, z maka verb ditambahkan +es :
kiss → kisses
wash → washes
watch → watches
box → boxes
go → goes
buzz → buzzes
- 2. Jika Verb berakhiran konsonan + y maka huruf y dihilangkan lalu ditambahkan +ies :
fly → flies
cry → cries
- 3. Jika tidak termasuk dalam kategori di atas, maka gunakan +s :
buy → buys
eat → eats
drink → drinks
❌ She play badminton. → ✅ She plays badminton.
❌ He watchs TV. → ✅ He watches TV.
3. Subject-Verb Agreement
Bentuk kata kerja (atau To Be) harus sesuai dengan jenis subject-nya: tunggal atau jamak.
Subject Tunggal
Verb + s/es, atau To Be: is/was
The cat sleeps all day.
My brother is a doctor.
Subject Jamak
Verb tanpa s/es, atau To Be: are/were
The cats sleep all day.
My brothers are doctors.
| Situasi | Aturan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Subject + "and" | Dianggap jamak | Tom and Jerry play football. |
| Subject + "or/nor" | Verb ikut subject terdekat | Neither the teacher nor the students were ready. |
| Uncountable noun | Dianggap tunggal | The information is correct. |
| everyone, somebody, each, either | Selalu tunggal | Everyone likes the movie. |
| news, mathematics, physics | Dianggap tunggal | The news is shocking. |
❌ Everyone are happy. → ✅ Everyone is happy.
❌ My parents is at home. → ✅ My parents are at home.
4. Penggunaan Do / Does / Did
Dipakai di kalimat verbal untuk membuat bentuk negatif dan tanya pada Simple Present & Simple Past. Setelah do/does/did, verb selalu kembali ke V1.
| Subject | Simple Present | Simple Past |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | do | did |
| He / She / It | does | did |
(-) She does not play badminton.
(?) Do you like coffee?
(-) They did not go to school yesterday.
(?) Did he finish his homework?
❌ She does not plays badminton. → ✅ She does not play badminton.
5. Penggunaan Has / Have / Had
Dipakai sebagai auxiliary untuk membentuk Perfect Tense, selalu diikuti V3 (Past Participle).
| Subject | Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | have | had |
| He / She / It | has | had |
She has finished her homework. (has + V3)
I have visited Bali twice. (have + V3)
They had left before I arrived. (had + V3)
Catatan: has/have/had juga bisa berarti "punya/memiliki" (kata kerja biasa) — beda dari fungsi auxiliary Perfect Tense.
Ringkasan Cepat (Cheat Sheet)
- To Be wajib jika predikat bukan kata kerja, dan sebagai auxiliary V-ing/V3.
- V1 + s/es hanya untuk He/She/It di Simple Present.
- Subject-Verb Agreement: tunggal → verb+s/is/was/does/has, jamak → verb polos/are/were/do/have.
- Do/Does/Did untuk negatif & tanya kalimat verbal, diikuti V1.
- Has/Have/Had untuk Perfect Tense, diikuti V3.
Kalimat Verbal & Nominal
Dua tipe kalimat dasar yang wajib dikuasai sebelum belajar tenses.
Kalimat Verbal
Kalimat Verbal adalah kalimat yang predikatnya berupa kata kerja utama (Ordinary Verb) yang menunjukkan suatu tindakan atau aktivitas.
Rumus: Subject + Verb + (Object/Complement)
Contoh:
- She plays badminton every Sunday. (plays = verb)
- They watched a movie last night. (watched = verb)
- I will eat an apple. (will eat = verb)
Kalimat Nominal
Kalimat Nominal adalah kalimat yang predikatnya BUKAN kata kerja (Non-Verb). Predikat ini biasanya berupa Noun (kata benda), Adjective (kata sifat), atau Adverb (kata keterangan). Oleh karena itu, kalimat nominal wajib menggunakan To Be (is/am/are/was/were/been) sebagai kata kerja bantu.
Rumus: Subject + To Be + Complement (Noun/Adjective/Adverb)
Contoh:
- She is smart. (is = to be, smart = adjective)
- They were students. (were = to be, students = noun)
- I am in the classroom. (am = to be, in the classroom = adverb)
Part of Speech
8 kelas kata dalam bahasa Inggris yang menyusun sebuah kalimat.
Terdapat 8 kelas kata dalam bahasa Inggris. Berikut adalah penjelasan rinci untuk masing-masing kelas kata:
Noun (Kata Benda)
Digunakan untuk menamai orang, tempat, benda, ide, atau konsep abstrak.
- Common Noun: city, man, book
- Proper Noun: Jakarta, John, Harry Potter
- Abstract Noun: happiness, freedom, love
Verb (Kata Kerja)
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan (action) atau keadaan (state of being).
- Action Verb: run, eat, write, jump
- Linking Verb: is, am, are, look, seem
- Helping Verb: have, do, will, can
Pronoun (Kata Ganti)
Digunakan untuk menggantikan kata benda (noun) untuk menghindari pengulangan yang tidak perlu.
- Subjective: I, you, they, we, he, she, it
- Objective: me, you, them, us, him, her, it
- Possessive: mine, yours, theirs, ours, his, hers
Adverb (Kata Keterangan)
Digunakan untuk memodifikasi/menjelaskan Verb, Adjective, atau Adverb lainnya.
- Adverb of Manner: quickly, slowly, happily
- Adverb of Time: yesterday, now, soon
- Adverb of Place: here, there, everywhere
Preposition (Kata Depan)
Digunakan sebelum noun/pronoun untuk menunjukkan arah, waktu, tempat, atau lokasi spasial.
Contoh: in, on, at, under, between, above, behind
She is sitting on the chair.
Conjunction (Kata Hubung)
Digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata, frasa, atau klausa agar menjadi satu kesatuan.
Contoh: and, but, or, so, because, although
I like tea but he likes coffee.
Interjection (Kata Seru)
Kata yang digunakan untuk mengekspresikan emosi, perasaan terkejut, atau reaksi mendadak.
Contoh: Wow!, Ouch!, Oops!, Yay!, Alas!
Wow! That is a beautiful painting.
Adjective (Kata Sifat) - Penjelasan Rinci
Adjective digunakan untuk menjelaskan atau memodifikasi Noun atau Pronoun. Adjective memberikan informasi lebih seperti sifat, jumlah, atau jenis.
Rumus Pembentukan Noun Phrase (Frasa Kata Benda)
Ketika membentuk Frasa Kata Benda, kita sering menggunakan urutan Adjective. Rumus yang sangat populer di kelas grammar (seperti di Kampung Inggris) adalah: La - Da - N
- LA (Limiting Adjective): Kata sifat yang membatasi.
- LA 1 — Article : The, A, An
- LA 2 — Demonstrative Adjective : This, That These, Those
- LA 3 — Possessive Adjective : My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Their
- LA 4 — Indefinite quantity : Some, Any, Many, Much, Few, Little, Several
- LA 5 — Numeral : 1, 2, 3 / first, second, third
- DA (Descriptive Adjective): Kata sifat yang menjelaskan sifat Noun.
- DA 1 — Character : Kind, Brave, Smart
- DA 2 — Quality : expensive, cheap, good, bad
- DA 3 — Size : Big, Small, Large, Tiny
- DA 4 — Age : Old, Young, Adult
- DA 5 — Temperature : Hot, Cold, Warm, Cool
- DA 6 — Shape : Round, Square, Long, Short
- DA 7 — Color : Red, Blue, Green, Yellow
- DA 8 — Nationality : Indonesian, American, British, Javanese, Balinese
Contoh Penggunaan La-Da-N:
"The beautiful big red Indonesian table"
- The (La 1 Article)
- beautiful (Da 2 Quality)
- big (Da 3 Size)
- red (Da 7 Color)
- Indonesian (Da 8 Nationality)
- table (Noun)
16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris
Kuasai perubahan bentuk kata kerja berdasarkan waktu kejadian.
Modal Auxiliary & Semi-Modal
Kata kerja bantu untuk menyatakan kemampuan, izin, kemungkinan, keharusan, dan saran.
1. Definisi
Modal Auxiliary
Kata kerja bantu untuk menyatakan kemampuan, izin, kemungkinan, keharusan, atau saran. Selalu diikuti V1 (bare infinitive) — tanpa to, tanpa s/es, tanpa -ing.
Semi-Modal (Marginal Modal)
Kata kerja bantu yang fungsinya mirip modal, tapi berupa frasa (lebih dari satu kata) dan cara pemakaiannya sedikit berbeda — sebagian boleh berubah bentuk dan diikuti "to".
2. Daftar Modal Auxiliary dan Semi-Modal
a. Modal Auxiliary (Kata Tunggal)
| Modal | Bentuk Past/Polite |
|---|---|
| Can | Could |
| May | Might |
| Will | Would |
| Shall | Should |
| Must | — (tidak punya bentuk past) |
b. Semi-Modal Auxiliary (Berupa Frasa)
| Semi-Modal | Bentuk Past |
|---|---|
| Have to / Has to | Had to |
| Need to | Needed to |
| Ought to | — |
| Used to | (sudah menyatakan kebiasaan masa lalu) |
| Be going to | Was/Were going to |
| Be able to | Was/Were able to |
3. Aturan Modal dan Semi-Modal
Aturan Modal Auxiliary
- Tidak berubah bentuk, meski subject He/She/It (tidak ada tambahan -s)
- Selalu diikuti V1 — tidak boleh V1+s, V-ing, atau to+V1
- Tidak boleh digabung dua modal sekaligus (❌ she will can go)
- Negatif langsung tambahkan "not" setelah modal, tanpa do/does/did
Aturan Semi-Modal Auxiliary
- Boleh berubah bentuk mengikuti subject (has to, is going to)
- Diikuti "to" + V1, bukan langsung V1 (kecuali "used to")
- Negatif/tanya sebagian pakai do/does/did (have to, need to, ought to)
- Negatif/tanya sebagian pakai to be (be going to, be able to)
✅ She must go. (Modal, langsung V1, tanpa to)
✅ She has to go. (Semi-Modal, pakai "to"+V1, berubah jadi "has")
4. Pola Rumus
Rumus Modal Auxiliary
- (+) Subject + Modal + V1 + (Object/Complement)
- (-) Subject + Modal + not + V1
- (?) Modal + Subject + V1?
(+) She can swim.
(-) She cannot (can't) swim.
(?) Can she swim?
Rumus Semi-Modal Auxiliary
- (+) Subject + Semi-Modal (to be/do/does/did bagian) + to + V1
- (-) Subject + do/does/did/to be + not + Semi-Modal + to + V1
- (?) Do/Does/Did/To be + Subject + Semi-Modal + to + V1?
Have to:
(+) She has to work.
(-) She does not have to work.
(?) Does she have to work?
Be going to:
(+) They are going to travel.
(-) They are not going to travel.
(?) Are they going to travel?
5. Fungsi Masing-Masing
Modal Auxiliary
| Modal | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| Can | Kemampuan, izin informal masa sekarang |
| Could | Kemampuan di masa lalu, permintaan sopan |
| May | Izin formal, kemungkinan (~50%) |
| Might | Kemungkinan kecil/ragu-ragu (~30%) |
| Will | Kemauan, janji, prediksi masa depan |
| Would | Bentuk lampau will (reported speech), tawaran sopan |
| Shall | Tawaran formal (biasanya dengan I/We) |
| Should | Saran atau nasihat |
| Must | Keharusan kuat (obligasi pribadi), kesimpulan logis |
I can speak English. (kemampuan)
Could you help me? (permintaan sopan)
It may rain this afternoon. (kemungkinan)
You should study harder. (saran)
He must be tired. (kesimpulan logis)
Semi-Modal Auxiliary
| Semi-Modal | Fungsi |
|---|---|
| Have to / Has to | Keharusan dari aturan/keadaan eksternal |
| Need to | Kebutuhan atau keharusan lebih ringan dari must |
| Ought to | Saran/nasihat, mirip should tapi lebih formal |
| Used to | Kebiasaan/kondisi masa lalu yang sudah tidak berlaku |
| Be going to | Rencana/prediksi berdasarkan bukti/tanda yang terlihat |
| Be able to | Kemampuan (pengganti can untuk bentuk future/perfect) |
I have to wear a helmet. (aturan, bukan keinginan sendiri)
You need to rest. (kebutuhan)
She ought to apologize. (nasihat formal)
He used to smoke, but he quit. (kebiasaan masa lalu)
Look at the clouds — it is going to rain. (prediksi berdasar bukti)
I will be able to finish this by Friday. ("can" tidak punya bentuk future)
Perbandingan Penting: Must vs Have to
| Modal | Sumber Keharusan |
|---|---|
| Must | Keharusan dari pembicara sendiri (opini/perasaan pribadi) |
| Have to | Keharusan dari aturan/keadaan eksternal |
I must finish this today. (saya sendiri yang merasa harus)
I have to wear a helmet. (karena aturan, bukan keinginan sendiri)
Catatan penting: Must tidak punya bentuk lampau. Untuk keharusan di masa lalu, gunakan had to.
❌ Yesterday, I must go to the dentist.
✅ Yesterday, I had to go to the dentist.
Kesalahan Umum Pemula
❌ She can speaks French. → ✅ She can speak French.
❌ You should to study harder. → ✅ You should study harder.
❌ She has go to work. → ✅ She has to go to work.
❌ He musts go now. → ✅ He must go now.
Ringkasan Cepat (Cheat Sheet)
- Modal (can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must) → langsung diikuti V1, tanpa to, tidak berubah bentuk.
- Semi-Modal (have to, need to, ought to, used to, be going to, be able to) → diikuti "to" + V1, boleh berubah bentuk mengikuti subject/tense.
- Must vs Have to: must = opini pribadi, have to = aturan eksternal.
- Must tidak punya bentuk lampau — pakai had to.
- Can tidak punya bentuk future/perfect — pakai be able to.
Passive Voice
Kalimat di mana subject dikenai tindakan, bukan yang melakukan tindakan.
1. Definisi
Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah kalimat di mana subject dikenai suatu tindakan, bukan yang melakukan tindakan. Lawannya adalah Active Voice (kalimat aktif), di mana subject adalah pelaku tindakan.
Active Voice
Chef cooks the food.
(Chef = pelaku)
Passive Voice
The food is cooked by the chef.
(food = yang dikenai tindakan)
2. Rumus Dasar
- Subject (yang dikenai) + To Be + V3 (Past Participle) + (by + pelaku)
Cara mengubah Active → Passive
- Object pada kalimat aktif menjadi subject pada kalimat pasif
- Verb diubah menjadi To Be + V3, To Be disesuaikan dengan tense aslinya
- Subject pada kalimat aktif dipindah ke belakang, ditambah "by" (boleh dihilangkan jika pelaku tidak penting/tidak diketahui)
Active: She writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by her.
3. Perubahan Aktif → Pasif di Setiap Tense
Bagian To Be menyesuaikan tense kalimat aslinya, V3 selalu tetap.
| Tense | Rumus Passive | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | S + am/is/are + V3 | The room is cleaned every day. |
| Present Continuous | S + am/is/are + being + V3 | The room is being cleaned now. |
| Present Perfect | S + have/has + been + V3 | The room has been cleaned. |
| Simple Past | S + was/were + V3 | The room was cleaned yesterday. |
| Past Continuous | S + was/were + being + V3 | The room was being cleaned at 8 AM. |
| Past Perfect | S + had + been + V3 | The room had been cleaned before I arrived. |
| Simple Future | S + will + be + V3 | The room will be cleaned tomorrow. |
| Future Perfect | S + will + have + been + V3 | The room will have been cleaned by noon. |
| Modal | S + Modal + be + V3 | The room must be cleaned. |
4. Aturan Penting
- Hanya kalimat verbal (Transitive Verb) yang bisa diubah jadi pasif — verb harus punya object.
❌ He sleeps → tidak bisa dipasifkan (tidak ada object) - V3 selalu tetap, tidak berubah menurut tense — yang berubah adalah To Be di depannya
- "By + pelaku" boleh dihilangkan jika pelaku tidak diketahui, tidak penting, atau sudah jelas dari konteks
The window was broken (oleh siapa tidak disebutkan) - Jika subject pada kalimat aktif adalah kata ganti, ubah ke bentuk objektif setelah "by"
She helps me → I am helped by her (bukan "by she")
❌ The food is cook by her. → ✅ The food is cooked by her.
❌ The letter was write by him. → ✅ The letter was written by him.
❌ A letter is written by she. → ✅ A letter is written by her.
5. Fungsi/Kegunaan Passive Voice
Menekankan objek/hasil
Dipakai saat pelaku tidak penting atau tidak diketahui.
My phone was stolen.
Konteks formal/ilmiah
Laporan penelitian, berita, atau instruksi teknis.
The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
Menghindari menyalahkan langsung
Lebih sopan daripada menuding seseorang.
A mistake was made in the report.
Pelaku sudah jelas
Tidak perlu disebut berulang.
He was arrested yesterday.
Ringkasan Cepat (Cheat Sheet)
- Rumus dasar: Subject + To Be + V3 + (by + pelaku)
- To Be menyesuaikan tense, V3 selalu tetap
- Hanya verb transitive (punya object) yang bisa dipasifkan
- "By + pelaku" boleh dihilangkan jika tidak penting/tidak diketahui
- Kata ganti setelah "by" harus bentuk objektif: me, you, him, her, it, us, them
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